Program shows up as basic even though its not - CE Toolchain compiled and linked - Cemetech | Forum

Samm
Newbie (Posts: 5)

Program shows up as basic even though its not - CE Toolchain compiled and linked
12 Jan 2025 10:57:33 am

I'm writing a program in C with a custom makefile and CE toolchain and I have encountered many errors of which I have struggled to but have overcome on my own except for this one where for some reason my program shows up as basic and after inspecting the hex of my program's .8xp file and messaging with ChatGPT to ask why my program won't run I've come to the conclusion that it is missing the "Asm84CEPrgm" signature, however I have been unable to fix this as I've referenced the CE toolchain provided makefile while writing my own but for some reason I can't get my program to run without an immediate error. So what I would like to know is what I could possibly have done wrong in writing my makefile or possibly my initial start.asm (this was used to fix an earlier error). I will provide these files for the purpose of fixing this problem and for future people who have this problem to reference.

Makefile:

Code:

#  == ---------------------------------------------------- ==


#      Cunix


#      [PROJECT] START DATE: 1/6/2025


#      Copyright (c) Samm 2025, All Rights Reserved.


#      Samm


#  == ---------------------------------------------------- ==





NAME  := CUNIX





PLATFORM ?= ti/-84p/ce/py


DEBUG ?= 0


ifneq ($(filter x86 x86/-64,$(PLATFORM)),) # x86





else ifneq ($(filter ti/-84p/ce ti/-84p/ce/py,$(PLATFORM)),) # Ti-84+ CE


CC    := ez80-clang


BCC   := convbin


AS    := fasmg


LINK  := ez80-link


IMGCC := convimg


ALLOC ?= STANDARD


BSSHEAP_LOW ?= D052C6


BSSHEAP_HIGH ?= D13FD8


STACK_HIGH ?= D1A87E


INIT_LOC ?= D1A87F


endif





empty :=


comma :=,


space :=$(empty) $(empty)





SRC := ./src


RES := $(SRC)/res


BUILD_DIR := ./build


OBJ_DIR := $(BUILD_DIR)/objs


BIN_DIR := $(BUILD_DIR)/bin


ifneq ($(filter ti/-84p/ce ti/-84p/ce/py,$(PLATFORM)),) # Ti-84+ CE


TOOLCHAIN := $(shell cedev-config --prefix)


SYSTEM_INC := $(TOOLCHAIN)/include


SYSTEM_LIBDIR := $(TOOLCHAIN)/lib


SYSTEM_LIB := $(filter-out %libload.lib,$(wildcard $(SYSTEM_LIBDIR)/libload/*.lib))


LIBS := $(patsubst %,"%"$(comma)$(space),$(strip $(SYSTEM_LIB)))


endif





ARG_QUOTE = '$(subst ','\'',$1)'





CFLAGS := -nostdinc -I$(SRC) -I$(SYSTEM_INC) -isystem -integrated-as -Wall -Wextra -Oz -std=c11 -target ez80


BINFLAGS := -k 8xp -r -n $(NAME)


# -r -k 8xp-compressed -e zx7 -n $(NAME)


# -r -k 8xp -n $(NAME)





PLATFORM_DIRS := $(SRC)/platforms $(dir $(SRC)/platforms/$(PLATFORM))





C_SOURCES     := $(filter-out $(SRC)/apps/%,$(shell find $(SRC) -type f -name '*.c' ! -path "$(SRC)/platforms/*"))


C_SOURCES     += $(foreach DIR,$(PLATFORM_DIRS),$(wildcard $(DIR)*.c))


APP_C_SOURCES := $(shell find $(SRC)/apps -type f -name '*.c')


# ASM_SOURCES   := $(shell find $(SRC) -type f -name '*.asm' ! -path "$(SRC)/platforms/* ! -path $(SRC)/apps/*")


ASM_SOURCES   := $(foreach DIR,$(PLATFORM_DIRS),$(wildcard $(DIR)*.asm))


ICON := $(RES)/icon.png





OBJ := $(patsubst $(SRC)/%.c,$(OBJ_DIR)/%.c.bc,$(C_SOURCES))


LDBCLTO = $(OBJ_DIR)/lto.bc


LDLTO = $(OBJ_DIR)/lto.src


ICON_OBJ := $(OBJ_DIR)/icon.src





ifneq ($(filter ti/-84p/ce ti/-84p/ce/py,$(PLATFORM)),) # Ti-84+ CE


OUTPUT := $(BIN_DIR)/$(NAME).8xp


OUTPUT_OBJ := $(OBJ_DIR)/$(NAME).bin





# $(TOOLCHAIN)/lib/crt/crt0.src


$(OUTPUT): $(OUTPUT_OBJ)


   @mkdir -p $(BIN_DIR)


   $(BCC) -i $^ -o $@ $(BINFLAGS)





LDFLAGS := -v 0 \


   $(call ARG_QUOTE,$(TOOLCHAIN)/meta/ld.alm) \


   -i $(call ARG_QUOTE,DEBUG := $(DEBUG)) \


   -i $(call ARG_QUOTE,HAS_PRINTF := 0) \


   -i $(call ARG_QUOTE,HAS_LIBC := 1) \


   -i $(call ARG_QUOTE,HAS_LIBCXX := 0) \


   -i $(call ARG_QUOTE,PREFER_OS_CRT := 0) \


   -i $(call ARG_QUOTE,PREFER_OS_LIBC := 0) \


   -i $(call ARG_QUOTE,ALLOCATOR_$(ALLOC) := 1) \


   -i $(call ARG_QUOTE,include "$(TOOLCHAIN)/meta/linker_script") \


   -i $(call ARG_QUOTE,range .bss $$$(BSSHEAP_LOW) : $$$(BSSHEAP_HIGH)) \


   -i $(call ARG_QUOTE,provide __stack = $$$(STACK_HIGH)) \


   -i $(call ARG_QUOTE,locate .header at $$$(INIT_LOC)) \


   -i $(call ARG_QUOTE,source $(patsubst %,"%"$(comma) ,$(LDLTO) $(ASM_SOURCES) $(TOOLCHAIN)/lib/crt/crt0.src)) \


   -i $(call ARG_QUOTE,library $(LIBS))


# -i $(call ARG_QUOTE,source $(ICON_OBJ)$(comma) $(patsubst %,"%"$(comma) ,$(OBJ) $(ASM_SOURCES)))





$(OUTPUT_OBJ): $(LDLTO) $(ICON_OBJ)


   @echo Linking objects...


   $(AS) $(LDFLAGS) $@





$(LDLTO): $(LDBCLTO)


   @$(CC) -S $(EZLTOFLAGS) $(call ARG_QUOTE,$<) -o $(call ARG_QUOTE,$@)





$(LDBCLTO): $(OBJ)


   @$(LINK) $(foreach d,$^,$(call ARG_QUOTE,$d)) -o $(call ARG_QUOTE,$@)





$(OBJ_DIR)/%.c.bc: $(SRC)/%.c


   @mkdir -p $(dir $@)


   @$(CC) -MD -c -emit-llvm $(CFLAGS) $(call ARG_QUOTE,$<) -o $(call ARG_QUOTE,$@)





$(ICON_OBJ): $(ICON)


   @mkdir -p $(dir $@)


   $(IMGCC) --icon '$(ICON)' --icon-output '$(ICON_OBJ)' --icon-format asm





test: clean all


   cemu-autotester ./tests/


endif





all: $(OUTPUT)





clean:


   rm -rf $(BUILD_DIR)





print-vars:


   @echo "C_SOURCES: $(C_SOURCES)"


   @echo "OUTPUT: $(OUTPUT)"


   @echo "LIBS: $(LIBS)"

src/platforms/ti/-84p/ce/start.asm:

Code:

;  == ---------------------------------------------------- ==


;      Cunix


;      [PROJECT] START DATE: 1/6/2025


;      Copyright (c) Samm 2025, All Rights Reserved.


;      Samm


;  == ---------------------------------------------------- ==


    assume adl=1





    section .text


    public __start


    extern _main





__start:


    call _main


    ld   hl, 0


    ret

Thank you for your time,
- Samm

merthsoft
2
im shaun (Posts: 4004)

12 Jan 2025 11:13:37 am

The toolchain makefile has the following section:

Code:

# these are the fasmg linker flags


FASMGFLAGS = \


   $(FASMG_V) \


   $(call QUOTE_ARG,$(call NATIVEPATH,$(CEDEV_TOOLCHAIN)/meta/ld.alm)) \


   -i $(call QUOTE_ARG,DEBUG := $(LDDEBUG)) \


   -i $(call QUOTE_ARG,HAS_PRINTF := $(LDHAS_PRINTF)) \


   -i $(call QUOTE_ARG,HAS_LIBC := $(LDHAS_LIBC)) \


   -i $(call QUOTE_ARG,HAS_LIBCXX := $(LDHAS_LIBCXX)) \


   -i $(call QUOTE_ARG,PREFER_OS_CRT := $(LDPREFER_OS_CRT)) \


   -i $(call QUOTE_ARG,PREFER_OS_LIBC := $(LDPREFER_OS_LIBC)) \


   -i $(call QUOTE_ARG,ALLOCATOR_$(ALLOCATOR) := 1) \


   -i $(call QUOTE_ARG,include $(call FASMG_FILES,$(LINKER_SCRIPT))) \


   -i $(call QUOTE_ARG,range .bss $$$(BSSHEAP_LOW) : $$$(BSSHEAP_HIGH)) \


   -i $(call QUOTE_ARG,provide __stack = $$$(STACK_HIGH)) \


   -i $(call QUOTE_ARG,locate .header at $$$(INIT_LOC)) \


   $(LDMAPFLAG) \


   -i $(call QUOTE_ARG,source $(LDICON)$(call FASMG_FILES,$(LDFILES))) \


   -i $(call QUOTE_ARG,library $(LDLIBS)) \


   $(EXTRA_LDFLAGS)

The line we're looking at is
Code:

-i $(call QUOTE_ARG,locate .header at $$$(INIT_LOC)) \

. The linker is looking in crt0.src for the .header:

Code:

   section   .header


   db   $EF, $7B


   db   $00      ; C program identifier (nop)

Referring to the ez80 Heaven - Program Structure page I can see:

Code:

.db tExtTok,tAsm84CeCmp

Quote:

This is exactly equivalent to the Asm84CEPrgm token in BASIC; it tells your calculator that it should be executing an assembly program instead of a BASIC program.

So perhaps in start.asm you need the
Code:

.db tExtTok,tAsm84CeCmp

or
Code:

db $EF, $7B

Samm
Newbie (Posts: 5)

12 Jan 2025 11:28:11 am

merthsoft wrote:

The toolchain makefile has the following section:

Code:

# these are the fasmg linker flags


FASMGFLAGS = \


   $(FASMG_V) \


   $(call QUOTE_ARG,$(call NATIVEPATH,$(CEDEV_TOOLCHAIN)/meta/ld.alm)) \


   -i $(call QUOTE_ARG,DEBUG := $(LDDEBUG)) \


   -i $(call QUOTE_ARG,HAS_PRINTF := $(LDHAS_PRINTF)) \


   -i $(call QUOTE_ARG,HAS_LIBC := $(LDHAS_LIBC)) \


   -i $(call QUOTE_ARG,HAS_LIBCXX := $(LDHAS_LIBCXX)) \


   -i $(call QUOTE_ARG,PREFER_OS_CRT := $(LDPREFER_OS_CRT)) \


   -i $(call QUOTE_ARG,PREFER_OS_LIBC := $(LDPREFER_OS_LIBC)) \


   -i $(call QUOTE_ARG,ALLOCATOR_$(ALLOCATOR) := 1) \


   -i $(call QUOTE_ARG,include $(call FASMG_FILES,$(LINKER_SCRIPT))) \


   -i $(call QUOTE_ARG,range .bss $$$(BSSHEAP_LOW) : $$$(BSSHEAP_HIGH)) \


   -i $(call QUOTE_ARG,provide __stack = $$$(STACK_HIGH)) \


   -i $(call QUOTE_ARG,locate .header at $$$(INIT_LOC)) \


   $(LDMAPFLAG) \


   -i $(call QUOTE_ARG,source $(LDICON)$(call FASMG_FILES,$(LDFILES))) \


   -i $(call QUOTE_ARG,library $(LDLIBS)) \


   $(EXTRA_LDFLAGS)

The line we're looking at is
Code:

-i $(call QUOTE_ARG,locate .header at $$$(INIT_LOC)) \

. The linker is looking in crt0.src for the .header:

Code:

   section   .header


   db   $EF, $7B


   db   $00      ; C program identifier (nop)

Referring to the ez80 Heaven - Program Structure page I can see:

Code:

.db tExtTok,tAsm84CeCmp

Quote:

This is exactly equivalent to the Asm84CEPrgm token in BASIC; it tells your calculator that it should be executing an assembly program instead of a BASIC program.

So perhaps in start.asm you need the
Code:

.db tExtTok,tAsm84CeCmp

or
Code:

db $EF, $7B

Thank you for your quick response. Sorry but I do have a question, could you clarify if there's specific section I need to put "db $EF, $7B" under, because I can't seem to get it to work when it's in the ".text" section inside the start.asm. Sorry, I'm not very good with assembly.

But again thank you very much,
- Samm

StephenM
1
Advanced Member (Posts: 192)

12 Jan 2025 11:33:57 am

Samm wrote:

Thank you for your quick response. Sorry but I do have a question, could you clarify if there's specific section I need to put "db $EF, $7B" under, because I can't seem to get it to work when it's in the ".text" section inside the start.asm. Sorry, I'm not very good with assembly.

But again thank you very much,
- Samm

Pretty sure it should be in the very start of the file so that it is the first two bytes to be added to the assembled program

merthsoft
2
im shaun (Posts: 4004)

12 Jan 2025 11:37:23 am

You want those two bytes at
Code:

.org userMem-2

Samm
Newbie (Posts: 5)

12 Jan 2025 11:52:00 am

StephenM wrote:

Samm wrote:

Thank you for your quick response. Sorry but I do have a question, could you clarify if there's specific section I need to put "db $EF, $7B" under, because I can't seem to get it to work when it's in the ".text" section inside the start.asm. Sorry, I'm not very good with assembly.

But again thank you very much,
- Samm

Pretty sure it should be in the very start of the file so that it is the first two bytes to be added to the assembled program

Hmm... It seems to add it starting at the 4B byte.
Here's the full CUNIX.8xp:

Code:

**TI83F*


�������������������������������������������K


�:CUNIX�����:8�{�{��(�H!���� >2���8͘(�!������ܨ������(!�������!�����Ì


�LibLoad�)�GRAPHX���������������!���6���<���?���N������!����99�������!����9�͢��!����!���������!��������.��E()��<�w�!���������b�������~��.>�(o���ѷ�b3����!���'b��l��   ��B(������!�������5��   ��B�Z����/����!��������!��������7�b������b������b��!{����������'��͇���/���������!@���R���̀���b?͈��|�!x�����'��������!����������<�(����b������������b�����No error.�Unknown error.�Press any button to quit.�Need LibLoad�http://tiny.cc/clibs��

and the hex:

Code:




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

Samm
Newbie (Posts: 5)

12 Jan 2025 12:10:04 pm

merthsoft wrote:

You want those two bytes at
Code:

.org userMem-2

Thanks, but org gives me an invalid instruction error when compiling.

merthsoft
2
im shaun (Posts: 4004)

12 Jan 2025 12:12:27 pm

Referring to the same sources as before, you want this located at
Code:

.org userMem-2

. userMem is
Code:

?userMem := 0D1A881h

Look at the line I posted previously:
Code:

-i $(call QUOTE_ARG,locate .header at $$$(INIT_LOC)) \

It's locating it at
Code:

INIT_LOC

which is defined as
Code:

INIT_LOC ?= D1A87F

Also note you will want an additional 0x00 after those two bytes to signal to shells that this is a C program.

Code:

.org userMem-2


   .db   $EF, $7B


   .db   $00      ; C program identifier (nop)

Quote:

Thanks, but org gives me an invalid instruction error when compiling.

I don't know the right keyword for it, but you'll want to use the right thing to locate it at D1A87F. I would probably do it through the linker instead of in the .asm file, but that's only because that's how the reference does it and I don't actually know a whole lot.

commandz
2
Cemetech Admin (Posts: 1200)

12 Jan 2025 12:43:52 pm

Samm wrote:

merthsoft wrote:

You want those two bytes at
Code:

.org userMem-2

Thanks, but org gives me an invalid instruction error when compiling.

.org is a spasm directive - it won't work for fasmg, especially with the linker setup the toolchain uses. Don't reference eZ80 Heaven; when that was written only spasm existed so it uses entirely spasm syntax. I don't think the issue here is with the org address - if that were the case the header bytes would still be in the correct place but all pointers to labels inside the program would be incorrect.

The linker is already configured to put the .header section at the very start of the program, and to configure the org address correctly. If you're not seeing the header bytes at the start of the program, it's either because you've changed the linker configuration in a way that removes the header section, or crt0.src isn't getting linked.

Could I ask why you're not using the default makefile? Custom makefiles that don't include from the main toolchain makefile aren't really something supported by the toolchain, and there might be a way to do what you want without ditching the toolchain makefile.

Samm wrote:

Hmm... It seems to add it starting at the 4B byte.

.8xp files are container files that include a header before the start of the program. The .bin file that the toolchain produces are the actual contents of the program, and ef7b should be the first two bytes of that.

Samm
Newbie (Posts: 5)

12 Jan 2025 01:19:04 pm

commandblockguy wrote:

Samm wrote:

merthsoft wrote:

You want those two bytes at
Code:

.org userMem-2

Thanks, but org gives me an invalid instruction error when compiling.

.org is a spasm directive - it won't work for fasmg, especially with the linker setup the toolchain uses. Don't reference eZ80 Heaven; when that was written only spasm existed so it uses entirely spasm syntax. I don't think the issue here is with the org address - if that were the case the header bytes would still be in the correct place but all pointers to labels inside the program would be incorrect.

The linker is already configured to put the .header section at the very start of the program, and to configure the org address correctly. If you're not seeing the header bytes at the start of the program, it's either because you've changed the linker configuration in a way that removes the header section, or crt0.src isn't getting linked.

Could I ask why you're not using the default makefile? Custom makefiles that don't include from the main toolchain makefile aren't really something supported by the toolchain, and there might be a way to do what you want without ditching the toolchain makefile.

Samm wrote:

Hmm... It seems to add it starting at the 4B byte.

.8xp files are container files that include a header before the start of the program. The .bin file that the toolchain produces are the actual contents of the program, and ef7b should be the first two bytes of that.

The only thing I can possibly fathem being the problem at this point then is crt0.src some how not being linked as I haven't changed any of the linker scripts and I'm just using the default CE toolchain provided ones.

MateoConLechuga
2
Official Cemetech Lettuce Manager (Posts: 4035)

12 Jan 2025 11:14:52 pm

Why are you doing insane things and not just reading the documenation and refering to the examples. Stop using ChatGPT.

This is really all your makefile should contain: https://github.com/CE-Programming/toolchain/blob/master/examples/hello_world/makefile

Makefile parameters are documented here: https://ce-programming.github.io/toolchain/static/makefile-options.html