This thread is NOT FOR CONVINCING PEOPLE TO JOIN YOUR FAITH, it is for sharing differences and why we believe them.
I believe it is our moral right to research into other religions. That we should have evidence of why something is right or wrong before assumption. This is coming from me , a Muslim coming to ask questions about Christianity and maybe Judaism. Questions about Islam are also welcome.

Before I ask my first q, I want to run this poll.

I mean, technically the "Christian" names are just more english-ifyied but as long as we have an idea who you're talking about I don't mind.

Also, this topic should be moved to Politics/Rants

One of the pitfalls of talking about Christianity and Islam is conflating language with religion. There are Arabic speaking Christians who will use many of what your poll is referring to as "Islamic" names, e.g. Shaytan and Nuh. Jesus being a bit of an exception with Yasu over Isa. Greek speaking Christians will call Jesus "Iēsous". Polish speaking Christians will call Satan "Szatan". So "Jesus" and "Satan" aren't the Christian names, they are the English names.

In any case, as most people here will be coming from an English/Western background, the English terms will probably be the easiest for people to understand. I think the first option in the poll would work the best for both being clear and also for teaching the Arabic/Quaranic terms to people who may not otherwise have exposure.

Finally, a moderation note to anyone participating: this topic will remain civil and respectful, or it will be removed. We'll delete bad faith posts, but if it overall devolves into disrespect, we'll just remove it. If someone posts in bad faith, try not to engage and let the moderation team handle it.

Q#1) Can someone go on more about how the trinity works. Like why is Jesus/Esa specifically the son of God if God has made every mother a pregnant one. Also I didn't know this till recently but it is also believed that Satan/Shaytan and Gabrial/Jibreel are Also the Sons of God. So that is like Q#1.5. Thank-you 🙂. And I wish happy religious holidays to everyone as right now its Ramadan and Easter is coming up.

I am a jew. Me and ti_kid have helped each other in the past and we will also help each other in the future. We have no beef.Except if its halal or kosher. LOL

Before I say anything, know this: I do not study theology. I will be using the English translations of names, because that is what I have been taught. Assume everything I say about my religion begins with "in my religion, I believe..."
With that said, to answer ti_kid's questions:
Q #1: The trinity is composed of God, Jesus, and the Holy Spirit. They are all one, but they are all different. Every child is the child of God, but Jesus was born of the virgin Mary, who God directly gave a child.
Q #1.5: When God created the heavens, he created the angels. Satan was once an angel, but wanted to be greater than God, so he became a fallen angel.

The jewish holiday of purim just ended. The next jewish holiday which is passover is in less than a month.

Really, Satan/Shaytan is believed to be (or atleast used to be) an angle.
1) I would like everyone to assume any post like znak mentioned starts with "In my religion, I believe...".
2) It is believed that there are 3 typed of intelligence. 1) Angles 2) Jin 3) Humans. Angles are incapable of sin, that they don't have free will to disobey God.
Jin are like humans but in a sense ghousts or ghouls. They are not dead humans but have free will to obey or disobey God.
We believe that Satan/Shaytan is a Jin but was so obedient of God, that he would sit in groups with the highest angles. His name before becoming the devil is Iblees.
When god created Adam this happend (Surah 17 Verse 61) “And (remember) when We said to the angels: ‘Prostrate unto Adam’; so they (all) did prostrate except ’Iblis who said: ‘Am I to prostrate to the one You have created of clay?’”.
It is then believed that God declared Iblees would go to Hell on the day of judgemeant (The rapture I think). Then iblees said that he would misguided/take down as much of humanity and Jin ity as he could. (Surah 15 Verse 39) Satan responded, “My Lord! For allowing me to stray I will surely tempt them on earth and mislead them all together.

Q) 2 I would like someone to go over the rapture so I can share simmilarities and differences between that And YawmUlQiyyamah (This day has like a million names in the Quran but this is the most common).

These are my understanding (coming from a Pentecostal Christian background (specifically, Assemblies of God, although I do not agree with the denomination 100% on everything)):

1. The Trinity: God is one being with 3 persons (the Father, the Son (Jesus), & the Holy Spirit). All are equally God (but not the same as each other & not just different roles God plays), equally powerful, equally deserving of worship, etc.

The Son is "eternally begotten" of the Father, which means Jesus is equally uncreated & equally God but is subordinate to the Father (e.g., in the NT where He goes around saying "I do my Father's will," etc.). He also probably shows up in the Old Testament/Covenant a few times, like when God talks to Abraham in person (since seeing the Father is supposed to always kill a mortal human), or the fourth man in the fiery furnace when Nebuchadnezzar only had them throw 3 men in. But mostly in the New Testament/Covenant.

The Holy Spirit is who talks with human spirits to show them right & wrong, give them prophecy, etc. He shows up in the OT whenever it talks about the Spirit of God coming on a person & in the NT mostly at & after Pentecost.

How does God being one being with 3 persons work? Well, people say it is a mystery & that whatever I say will inevitably be heresy, so I should avoid saying anything. But if you force me to guess, something like how an LLM can have different personas but still be the same LLM with the same capabilities? Except all in parallel, with more clearly delineated personas & only 3 of them instead of a continuous soup of personas.

1.5. As Znak_Pares said, Satan is believed to be a fallen angel (known as Lucifer, the "light bringer," before falling). His job was something like being the worship leader, & he got tired of God getting all the worship & decided he would take some for himself, resulting in him being cast to Earth (& taking ⅓ of the angels with him, who are the other demons), then eventually gets bound for 1000 years (see #2). All of the angels are sometimes called "sons of God" in the Bible, & Jews (under the Old Covenant) & Christians (under the New Covenant) are also called "children of God," but distinguished from Jesus being "the only begotten Son of God"—the rest are created (the angels) or created & adopted (humans).

2. The Rapture: Different Christians argue about the timing, but I will tell my take. But first (*mumbles about timing*) the Tribulation because context.

Some time in the near(-ish) future, there will be the final 7 years (set off by a peace treaty between Israel & Palestine because of the disagreement over the land & especially the Temple Mount) during which the Antichrist (some world leader) presumably has them (re)build the (Third) Temple (without removing the Al-Aqsa mosque) & then, halfway through, stands in the Temple & declares himself to be God & demands people worship him. Then 3½ years of "Great Tribulation" consisting of various bad things—the Antichrist forcing everyone to get some sort of "mark" on their right hand or forehead to be able to engage in the economy (but them being damned if they do), various plagues, eventually the battle of Armageddon.

At the end of the battle of Armageddon as the forces of the Antichrist reach Jerusalem, the Christians are "raptured"—both the dead (first) & the living (immediately after) are made immortal & raised up to meet Jesus—& then He comes down to Earth & wipes out the encroaching army.

Then (continuing from "see #2" in #1.5) Satan is bound & thrown into "the Abyss" for 1000 years, during which Jesus reigns on Earth. Then Satan is freed, tries one more time to stage a rebellion, & then is cast into the Lake of Fire (not the same as "Hell," which is the holding place for unsaved humans right now).

Keep in mind, the trinity is a Christian theological doctrine expressed using Greek metaphysical language, so it gets a bit technical and can feel a bit strange to modern readers. There have historically been non-trinitarian Christians (esp. early Christians), and there are still non-trinitarians today (many reformationists). Even within mainstream trinitarian Christianity, most do not have a deep technical understanding of it and think of it in terms of modalism (one person, three modes/aspects) or Arian subordinationism (The Son is divine, but not equally divine as the Father). But the members of the trinity are co-equal, co-eternal, three separate Persons in one divine Essence. As you'll see when we get to the rapture, there's much diversity of thought within Christianity, and even more when considering the historical views that don't exist anymore. For the trinity, we'll stick with Orthodox belief, but when we get to the rapture, we'll see more Protestant belief.

In the Orthodox trinitarian view, Jesus is unique as the co-eternal, consubstantial, eternally begotten (not created) capital-S Son of God. Whereas angels and humans were created by the creator, Jesus has always been. All other humans also only have one nature, that is: Human. Jesus is in a hypostatic union of divine and human. So Jesus the man, here on earth, was born of Mary, but Jesus in heaven has always been.

As for the rapture, this will get you even more answers than the trinity. The core of it comes from the Book of Revelation. Revelation 20 mentions a 1,000 year (millennium) period where Satan is bound and Christ reigns. There is also the concept of the "Tribulation", which is a period of suffering, persecution, and upheaval. A third important concept is the "Rapture" itself, in which the dead in Christ rise, and living believers are "caught up" to meet the Lord in the air. Much of the differences in belief come from how these three are interpreted.

The majority of Catholic, Orthodox, and protestants hold an "Amillennial" view. That is, there is no literal 1,000 year period but instead it spans from when Christ resurrected until his second coming, Christ already reigns supreme (in heaven), Satan is already bound (as the gospel can spread), and there is no future earthly political kingdom distinct from Christ's current reign. When Christ returns there will be a rapture and final judgement and that's the end of that. The tribulation is ongoing, and is not a distinct seven year period.

There are those who hold what's called a "Premillennial" view. This view has the tribulation happening for a period of time before Chrsit's return, then Christ returns and reigns on earth for 1,000 years. This is broken into several other views based on when the Tribulation and rapture happen. There's a pre-tribulation rapture belief, wherein the rapture happens and then the tribulation is for those left behind. There's a post-trib rapture, wherein the tribulation happens before Christ's return. And there's mid-trib, where the rapture occurs during the tribulation. Within mid-trib, there's a pre-wrath rapture, where the church gets caught up before God's wrath really hits.

Then there are those who hold a "Postmillennial" view, which is that the millennium is a golden age of prosperity before the return of Christ. This is similar to the Amillennial view in that it doesn't need to be a literal 1,000 years, and that Jesus returns after this period.

Words and Translations
Antichrist: Dajal
Jesus: Esa
Mary: Maryam

The prophet: Muhummad pbuh
(Note that we still believe in the other prophets , just we refer to Muhhumad pbuh as The prophet)
Sahaba: Companions of The prophet pbuh

As millenia is a common way to say a pretty long time in Greek and Latin derived languages. A common period of time mentioned in the quran is 40 of the respective time unit. It is believed that The Dajjal is alive right now and has been alive for a while being traped on an island. Yada yada yada. Esa pbh will be brought down to fight the Dajjal as a sign of the day of reckoning. Yada yada yada. I found a good link to read about the Dajjal specifcly here.

Q #3
How different is catholic and orthodox.From what I could tell from Young Sheldon (I know, I know) the 2 groups have disdain for each other.

In Islam we have 2 main groups of muslims. Sunnis and Shias. Sunni makes up the majority and as sunni's we believe that shias shoudn't be considered as Muslims. Shia's also have much more lax rules compared to sunni's. (Note that I have never met a Shia in my life)

In sunni, we are split into 4 madhabs. Our opinions toward the religion do not differ by much but as a Muslim should still know the rulings on stuff for your madhab. Unlike orthodox and Catholic and Sunni and Shia it is normal for different madhabs to go to the same mosque.

The opinions towards each other is that no one is wrong just interpreting the Hadith differently. Since these madhabs aren't really part of the religion and in fact these come from different great scholars of the time and right after the time of The prophet and that many of these scholars knew each other or were disciples of each other. The opinion is that these interpretations of Hadith (not the Quran) are all right.

One example of this in the time of the prophet so when differences could be solved by just asking the prophet himself so madhabs didn't exist yet. The prophet sent a group of sahaba to a small village and said to not pray one of the daily prayers till you reached there. The time for that prayer was running out so some of the sahaba said that he didn't mean it literally so they stopped and prayed. Some others continued on taking what the prophet said literally. When they got back to the prophet and asked him about it, he said they were both right.

There's pretty significant overlap between Catholic and Orthodox belief and practice. Specifics depend on which Orthodox we're talking about, but the main schism (the "Great Schism") between Catholic and Eastern Orthodox came down to a few points of contention. These days they get along better than in the past, but there's still tensions here and there.

A big point of contention is the Papacy. Catholics hold the Bishop of Rome to be the Pope, and the head of the church. Orthodoxy rejects this, instead having a synod of bishops with no one having overall power. Going along with this would be the infallibility of the pope when speaking ex cathedra.

Another difference is in the Nicene Creed, and thus the nature of the trinity. The original creed has the holy spirit proceeding from the father. The western churches later added "and the Son" (this is known as the "Filioque"). This may seem like a fairly minor point, but because Christianity is a deeply creedal belief system, that minor point causes fairly major contention. This is a point where more reconciliation has happened, though. E.g. when the Catholic Pope recites the creed with the Greek bishops in Greek, he will generally leave out the Filioque.

There are some other differences around the bread used during eucharist (west using unleavened, east using leavened), and the eligibility of priests to marry (Catholic priests can't marry), afterlife (Catholic Purgatory), and liturgy, but those are the big differences.

For an example of differences between Christian faiths, as a member of the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-Day Saints (aka a "Mormon," though I prefer the former term), I don't believe in the trinity; I believe that God our Heavenly Father, His son Jesus Christ, and the Holy Spirit are three separate beings, united in their will and plan but otherwise distinct. This does not mean that I'm not a Christian, as is often said of my church. It makes me a non-trinitarian Christian, but a Christian nonetheless.
I also believe in the Apostasy, a period of time after the Savior's crucifixion during which the priesthood was withheld from the world, only to be returned during the restoration of the church to Joseph Smith. My church also believes that Joseph Smith translated the Book of Mormon, another testament of Jesus Christ. The Articles of Faith represent the beliefs of the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-Day Saints plainly and clearly.
Other than these things, however, most of my beliefs are very similar to those of other Christian churches; I believe in the Bible, the atonement & resurrection of Jesus Christ, and in God and the Holy Spirit. There is, in my opinion, no reason that different churches (let alone different Christian churches) shouldn't get along peacefully. I never intend to disrespect someone else's faith or beliefs. My church has experienced a lot of persecution historically, and my hope is to never have a hateful argument with someone about differences of religion.

When it comes to such definitions, I think it is most accurate to say that I am a non-denominational reformed Christian. Although definitions vary, non-denominational basically means "less traditional Baptist".

In terms of basic beliefs, I am rather compatible with a lot brought up so far (namely Zeroko). I do not believe in Catholic principles, although I do think that their salvation is probably valid. I believe in the trinity, and I reject any claims of any current earthly authorities (such as The Vatican or The Watchtower) and do not believe in the existence of current prophets. My beliefs are consistent with that of the Nicene Creed (the first compilation of the general beliefs of Christianity). I believe the Bible is the one, uncorrupt, true, God-breathed word, and there are no further amendments or replacements.

I am always open to a friendly debate on anything (feel free to dm) as I believe that that is the path to unity